四轮转向是指汽车的后轮也和前轮一样具有一定的转向功能,不仅可以与前轮同方向转向,也可以与前轮反方向转向。四轮转向汽车的环保性和节能性与现代汽车的设计理念相吻合,它适应汽车未来发展的趋势,存在广阔的发展前景。本文对液压式四轮转向系统进行了研究,主要工作如下:
对课题进行了文献检索,查看了相关资料;对国内外四轮转向汽车的研究现状进行了详细的介绍,明确了设计的基本内容及需解决的主要问题;对四轮转向系统进行了分析,包括受力分析和运动学分析;设计了三种四轮转向汽车的转向液压系统方案,经过对比分析,选定其中一种作为最终的液压式四轮转向系统方案;确定该方案中液压系统的参数;对该方案中液压系统的液压缸进行设计和计算;对该方案中液压系统的液压元件进行选取。
关键词:四轮转向;系统分析;液压系统;液压缸;液压元件
Four-wheel steering refers to the rear car and has some of the same front steering function, can not only with front wheel steering, also can in opposite direction with front wheel steering. Four-wheel steering the environment protection and energy conservation car with modern car design idea coincide, it to adapt to automobile future development trends, existing broad development prospects. Based on the hydraulic four-wheel steering system and main work is as follows:
On issues of literature retrieval, examined the related material; To domestic and international research status of four-wheel steering cars were introduced in detail, has been clear about the design of the basic content and the main problems need to be solved; For four-wheel steering system is analyzed, including stress analysis and kinematics analysis; Design three four-wheel steering automobile steering hydraulic system scheme, through comparative analysis, select one as the final the hydraulic four-wheel steering system solution; To determine this scheme hydraulic system parameters; For this scheme of the hydraulic cylinder hydraulic system design and calculation; For this scheme of the hydraulic system for selecting hydraulic element.
Key words: Four-wheel steering; System analysis; Hydraulic system; The hydraulic cylinder; Hydraulic components
目 录
4.2.3 转向液压缸导向长度、活塞宽度和导向套滑动面长度的确定 18
随着汽车技术的发展,汽车行驶速度的提高及道路行使密度的增大,作为实现主动安全性的方法之一的四轮转向技术日益受到重视。四轮转向的主要优点是在转向时能够保持重心偏角基本为零,极大地改善了横摆角速度和侧向加速度的瞬态性能指标。另外低速时能够减小汽车的转弯半径,使汽车在低速行使时更加灵活,而且还能独立地控制汽车的运动轨迹与姿态,使方向角与姿态角重合,提高汽车的侧向稳定性;高速行驶时同相位转向,方向盘到后轮产生转弯力的时间相对滞后,使车身方向与实际行驶方向的偏差减小,从而具有较好的稳定感。近几年,载货车和专用作业车的吨位逐渐增大,有的总重量已超过30t,汽车车轴由两轴增加多轴,因而工程机械操纵的灵活性和稳定性要求显得越来越重要。在电子技术不断提高,控制理论不断完善的前提下,开展四轮转向技术的