CA6140普通车床主轴变速箱设计【设计说明书+CAD图纸+开题报告】
题目及专题
题目 车床主轴传动系统设计
专题 单主轴变速机构设计
课题来源及选题依据
课题来源为无锡某机械有限公司。通过毕业设计是为了培养学生开发和创新机械产品的能力,要求学生能够针对实际使用过程中存在的机床选择问题,综合所学的机械理论设计与方法、专用机床设计方法,在机床基础型系的基础上,设计一个简单的主传动变速系统,从而达到解决实际工程问题的能力。
在设计传动件时,在满足产品工作要求的情况下,应尽可能多的采用标准件,提高其互换性要求,以减少产品的设计生产成本。
本设计(论文或其他)应达到的要求
该部件工作时,能运转正常;
拟定工作机构和驱动系统的运动方案,并进行多方案对比分析;
根据车床的加工要求,设计出机床主传动系统的原理及绘制主传动系 统的装配图;
4、 对所设计的主传动系统进行必要的验算和推导;
5、 绘制车床的主传动轴的零件图;
6、 绘制车床主传动系转速图和变速传动系图;
7、 编制设计说明书1份。
接受任务学生:
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设计(论文)指导(或顾问):
指导教师 签名
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教研室主任
[科学组组长] 签名
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车床主要是为了进行车外圆、车端面和镗孔等项工作而设计的机床。车削很少在其他种类的机床上进行,而且任何一种其他机床都不能像车床那样方便地进行车削加工。由于车床还可以用来钻孔和铰孔,车床的多功能性可以使工件在一次安装中完成几种加工。因此,在生产中使用的各种车床比任何其他种类的机床都多。
车床的基本部件有:床身、主轴箱组件、尾座组件、溜板组件、丝杠和光杠。
主轴箱安装在内侧导轨的固定位置上,一般在床身的左端。它提供动力,并可使工件在各种速度下回转。它基本上由一个安装在精密轴承中的空心主轴和一系列变速齿轮(类似于卡车变速箱)所组成。通过变速齿轮,主轴可以在许多种转速下旋转。大多数车床有8~12种转速,一般按等比级数排列。而且在现代机床上只需扳动2~4个手柄,就能得到全部转速。一种正在不断增长的趋势是通过电气的或者机械的装置进行无级变速。
由于机床的精度在很大程度上取决于主轴,因此,主轴的结构尺寸较大,通常安装在预紧后的重型圆锥滚子轴承或球轴承中。主轴中有一个贯穿全长的通孔,长棒料可以通过该孔送料。主轴孔的大小是车床的一个重要尺寸,因此当工件必须通过主轴孔供料时,它确定了能够加工的棒料毛坯的最大尺寸。
关键字:车床;主轴箱组件;主轴;无级变速
Lathes are machine tools designed primarily to do turning, facing and boring, Very little turning is done on other types of machine tools, and none can do it with equal facility. Because lathes also can do drilling and reaming, their versatility permits several operations to be done with a single setup of the work piece. Consequently, more lathes of various types are used in manufacturing than any other machine tool.
The essential components of a lathe are the bed, headstock assembly, tailstock assembly, and the leads crew and feed rod.
The headstock is mounted in a foxed position on the inner ways, usually at the left end of the bed. It provides a powered means of rotating the word at various speeds . Essentially, it consists of a hollow spindle, mounted in accurate bearings, and a set of transmission gears-similar to a truck transmission—through which the spindle can be rotated at a number of speeds. Most lathes provide from 8 to 18 speeds, usually in a geometric ratio, and on modern lathes all the speeds can be obtained merely by moving from two to four levers. An increasing trend is to provide a continuously variable speed range through electrical or mechanical drives.
Because the accuracy of a lathe is greatly dependent on the spindle, it is of heavy construction and mounted in heavy bearings, usually preloaded tapered roller or ball types. The spindle has a hole extending through its length, through which long bar stock can be fed. The size of maximum size of bar stock that can be machined when the material must be fed through spindle.
Key words: Lathes; headstock assembly; variable speed;
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