C618的数控化改造

摘要  

本课题重点在于机械部分的设计，重点是传动部分，伺服进给机构，自动转位刀架及数控系统的选择与设计。

C618车床的主轴转速部分采用了变频调速交流异步电机，有级变速部分采用电磁离合器控制机构；车床的纵向和横向进给运动采用步进电机驱动，经步进电机驱动，齿轮减速后带动滚珠丝杠转动，从而实现纵向、横向进给运动；刀架改成由微机控制，经电机驱动的自动转位刀架。为保持切削螺纹的功能，需安装主轴脉冲发生器。

改造后的C618车床实现了分段的无极调速，满足了横向与纵向的自动进给，具备了数控车床的功能。因此它有利于改善工人的工作环境，降低工作强度，提高加工质量。

 关键词： 主传动 变频调速 电磁离合器 伺服系统 齿轮 滚珠丝杠 转位刀架 数控系统

NC transformation of C618

Summary

This topic focuses on the design of the mechanical parts, focusing on the transmission part of the servo feed mechanism automatically switch to the selection and design of the turret and CNC systems.
  C618 lathe spindle speed part frequency control AC induction motor with variable speed part of the electromagnetic clutch control mechanism; vertical and horizontal lathe feed motion of the stepper motor driver to drive the ball through the stepper motor drive, gear reducer screw rotation, in order to achieve a vertical, horizontal feed motion; turret changed by computer control, motor-driven automatic indexing turret. Spindle pulse generator to be installed in order to maintain the function of the cutting thread.
  After transformation, the C618 lathe to achieve stepless speed control segments to meet the horizontal and vertical automatic feed with the function of the CNC lathe. So it will help to improve the working environment of workers, reduce labor intensity and improve processing quality.

Keywords:  The main drive   Frequency Control  Electromagnetic clutch

Servo system  Gear  Indexing turret  NC system

目   录

1  概论...........................................................1

1.1数控系统发展简史......................... .....................1

1.2国内数控机床状况分析........................................ ..1

1.2.1国内数控机床现状.............................................1

1.2.2国内数控机床的特点 ..........................................1

1.3数控系统的发展趋势.............................................1

1.3.1　继续向开放式、基于PC的第六代方向发展.......................1

1.3.2向高速化和高精度化发展.......................................2

1.3.3向智能化方向发展.............................................2

1.４机床数控化改造的必要性.........................................2

1.4.1微观看改造的必要性............................................2

1.4.2宏观看改造的必要性............................................3

2总体设计方案的　................................................5

3主传动部分改造与设.............................................6

3.1主传动部分改造方案拟定和设计的内容.............................7

3.2、主传动部分改造设计计算.......................................10

3.2.1电动机的选择.................................................10

3.2.2主传动系统分段无级变速传动方案的确定与分析..................11

3.3数控机床分级变速箱的设计.......................................12

3.3.1数控机床主轴转速自动变换过程.................................12

3.3.2分级变速箱的设计..............................................13

 3.3.3分段有级变速传动方案确定......................................15

3.4电磁离合器的设计计算.............................................16

4 伺服进给系统的改造设计与算....................................19

4.1伺服系统的组成原理和要求.........................................19

4.1.1、伺服系统的组成原理............................................19

4.1.2伺服系统的要求.................................................19

4.2 伺服进给机构的设计内容和设计计算...............................20

4.2.1 纵向进给系统的设计与计算......................................21

4.2.2.  横向进给系统的设计与计算....................................28

4.2.3步进电动机的确定...............................................30

5 自动转位刀架的选择设计.........................................35

5.1数控车床刀架的基本要求...........................................35

5.2自动转位刀架的选择...............................................35

5.3工作原理.........................................................35

5.4自动转位刀架的安装...........................................36

6 数控系统的选择设计..............................................37

6.1典型机床数控装置的硬件组成......................................37

6.2典型CNC系统（数控系统）技术性能...............................38

致 谢................................................................40

总 结................................................................41

参考文献.............................................................42