X-Y数控工作台机电系统设计

摘要

X-Y数控工作台机电系统设计是一个开环控制系统,其结构简单。实现方便而且能够保证一定的精度。降低成本,是微机控制技术的最简单的应用。它充分的利用了危机的软件硬件功能以实现对机床的控制;使机床的加工范围扩大,精度和可靠性进一步得到提高。X-Y数控工作台机电系统设计是利用8031单片机,及2764,6264存储器及8155芯片等硬件组成,在控制系统的硬件上编写一定的程序以实现一定的加工功能。其基本思想是:通过圆弧或者直线插补程序以实现对零件进行几何加工,每进行一段加工都要产生一定的脉冲以驱动电机正反转,同时通过8155(1)将相应的加工进刀信息送至刀架库中以实现以之相应的走刀,电机和刀具的相对运动所以实现了刀具对工件的加工。该控制系统采用软件中断控制系统结构及子程序结构简单，条件明确在经济型数控中应用较多。中断结构采用模块化结构设计因为这种结构便于修改和扩充，编制较为方便，便于向多处理方向发展。X-Y数控工作台机电系统设计采用步进电机作为驱动装置。步进电机是一个将脉冲信号转移成角位移的机电式数模转换器装置。其工作原理是：每给一个脉冲便在定子电路中产生一定的空间旋转磁场；由于步进电机通的是三相交流电所以输入的脉冲数目及时间间隔不同，转子的旋转快慢及旋转时间的长短也是不同的。由于旋转磁场对放入其中的通电导体既转子切割磁力线时具有力的作用，从实现了旋转磁场的转动迫使转子作相应的转动，所以转子才可以实现转子带动丝杠作相应的运动。本题目是步进电机，微型计算机，插补原理，汇编语言的综合应用，本题目设计得到了老师的帮助和支持，最后由**老师审定，在此表示感谢。本题目由方世龙完成，共分六章，第一章主要设计总体方案设计第二章主要设计了机械系统设计；第三章主要设计了控制系统硬件设计；第四章主要设计控制系统软件设计；第五章主要是本设计的附录。因本人水平有限，错误和不足之处在所难免，处理问题也有不妥之处，敬请相关老师批评指正。

关键词：X-Y数控工作台；机电系统；微型计算机；6264存储器

X-Y NC Worktable Mechatronics System Design

Abstract

CNC XY table is a mechanical and electrical systems design open-loop control system, its structure is simple. Realization of convenience and can guarantee a certain accuracy. Reduce costs, computer control technology is the most simple application. It full use of the software hardware crisis To achieve the functions of the machine control; to expand the scope of the processing machine tools, precision and reliability has been further improved. XY NC table is the use of mechanical and electrical systems design SCM 8031, 2764,6264 and 8155 and memory chips and other hardware components , In the control system of hardware on the preparation of certain procedures in order to achieve a certain processing functions. The basic idea is: circular or linear interpolation procedures to achieve the geometry of the parts for processing, every section of the processing should have a certain impulse to Electric drives positive and, through 8155 (1) corresponding to the processing of information sent to the turret into the knife in order to achieve the corresponding go to the knife, the electrical and tool to achieve the relative movement of the tool so the processing of the workpiece. The control system uses software interrupt control system structure and subroutine is simple, clear in the economic conditions in the application of NC more. Disruption of a modular structure because such a structure designed to facilitate revision and expansion, the establishment of more convenient, easy to handle and more direction. CNC XY table designed by mechanical and electrical systems as a stepping motor-driven devices. Stepper motor is a pulse will be transferred into angular displacement of the Electrical and Mechanical-DAC devices. Its working principle is: each to a pulse in the stator circuit will have a certain space in rotating magnetic field; because of the stepper motor is the three-phase AC-so enter the number of pulses and different time intervals, the rotation speed of the rotor and the length of rotation Are different. As the rotating magnetic field into which both the rotor cutting electricity conductor when a magnetic line of force, to achieve a rotating magnetic field from the force rotation for the corresponding rotor rotation, the rotor can achieve rotor lead screw for the corresponding movement. This topic is the stepper motor, micro-computers, interpolation principle, the comprehensive application of assembly language, this topic has been designed with the help of teachers DONG Yu-hong and support, the final audited by DONG Yu-hong teacher, expressed thanks for this. This subject by Fang Long completed, is divided into six chapters, Chapter 1 overall design of the main design Chapter II of the mechanical design system design; Chapter III of the main design of the control system hardware design; Chapter IV of the main control system design software design; Chapter 5 is the design of the appendix. I level because of the limited mistakes and inadequacies of the inevitable and deal with the problem has its drawbacks, please related to the teacher criticized the correction.

Keywords：X-Y NC Worktable; Mechatronics system; micro-computers; 6264 memory

目　　录

1.2 两坐标系数控工作台课题研究主要内容

3.2.1步进电机驱动电路和工作原理

4.2.2 X轴电机点动正转程序流程图

4.4.3 绘制图弧程序流程图

4.4.4 步进电机步进一步程序流程图

X-Y数控工作台机电系统设计

第1章 绪论

1.1两坐标数控系统课题研究意义

X-Y数控工作台机电系统设计是一个开环控制系统,其结构简单.实现方便而且能够保证一定的精度.降低成本,是微机控制技术的最简单的应用.它充分的利用了危机的软件硬件功能以实现对机床的控制;使机床的加工范围扩大,精度和可靠性进一步得到提高.

1.2 两坐标系数控工作台课题研究主要内容

X-Y数控工作台机电系统设计是利用8031单片机,及2764,6264存储器及8155芯片等硬件组成,在控制系统的硬件上编写一定的程序以实现一定的加工功能.其基本思想是:通过圆弧或者直线插补程序以实现对零件进行几何加工,每进行一段加工都要产生一定的脉冲以驱动电机正反转,同时通过8155(1)将相应的加工进刀信息送至刀架库中以实现以之相应的走刀,电机和刀具的相对运动所以实现了刀具对工件的加工。